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Degumming and Neutralization for Edible Oils Refinery Plants
Degumming is the process of removing gums & eliminating phospholipids from oil to increase its stability, during the process FFA, meal particles, Pigments or impurities which may be present in the oil are also partially removed.
Degumming process are of three types, namely Water Degumming, Enzymatic Degumming & Acid Degumming, the treatment to be used depends on the type of oil and the phosphatides present.
Water Degumming
Water degumming is the most traditional treatment process and is generally used for vegetable oils like soybean, sunflower, groundnut, rice bran and canola, which constitutes of huge quantities of hydratable gums. In this process oil is treated with hot water to precipitate the hydratable gums, which are removed through the centrifugal separation and obtain gums. The wet gums thus obtained can be dried to produce commercial Lecithin.
Enzymatic Degumming
Enzymatic Degumming is relatively an advanced degumming process generally used for rice bran oil. In this process pre-treated crude oil is mixed with water & enzyme to create a stable emulsion.
The emulsion allows the enzyme to react with the phospholipids, and separate the phosphorous group from the lipid group forming distinct oil and water-soluble compounds.
Acid Degumming
In this process the nonhydratable gums can be conditioned into hydratable forms with the aid of Phosphoric and citric acids as they are food-grade and sufficiently strong. Citric acid is usually preferable because it does not increase the phosphoric content of the oil. Hot water is mixed in, which forms a complex with Phosphatides and results in the precipitation of phosphatides. The gums are then separated by a centrifugal separator.
Neutralization
Neutralization is the first step in chemical refining process. Alkali is used to neutralize the FFA and removing acidity of the oil. In Edible oil Industry Caustic soda is mostly used for neutralizing the FFA present in the oil.
Advantages :
- Low steam & power consumptions.
- Controlled heating & cooling arrangements ensures more yields.
- Special design ensures best degumming.
- Simple & low maintenance.
- Low steam & power consumptions.
- Controlled heating & cooling arrangements ensures more yields.
- Special design ensures best Esterification Process.
- Special internal design of glycerine dosing makes less consumptions.
- Simple & low maintenance.
